A Putative Calcium-Permeable Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, CNGC18, Regulates Polarized Pollen Tube Growth

A tip-focused Ca^2＋ gradient is tightly coupled to polarized pollen tube growth, and tip-localized influxes of extracellular Ca^2＋ are required for this process. However the molecular identity and regulation of the potential Ca^2＋ channels remains elusive. The present study has implicated CNGC18 （cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18） in polarized pollen tube growth, because its overexpression induced wider and shorter pollen tubes. Moreover, CNGC18 overexpression induced depolarization of pollen tube growth was suppressed by lower extracellular calcium （[Ca^2＋]ex）. CNGC18-yellow fluorescence protein （YFP） was preferentially localized to the apparent post-Golgi vesicles and the plasma membrane （PM） in the apex of pollen tubes. The PM localization was affected by tip-localized ROP1 signaling. Expression of wild type ROP1 or an active form of ROP1 enhanced CNGC18-YFP localization to the apical region of the PM, whereas expression of RopGAP1 （a ROP1 deactivator） blocked the PM localization. These results support a role for PM-Iocalized CNGC18 in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth through its potential function in the modulation of calcium influxes.     

Extracellular vesicles in bone and tooth: A state-of-art paradigm in skeletal regeneration

Bone and tooth, fundamental parts of the craniofacial skeleton, are anatomically and developmentally interconnected structures. Notably, pathological processes in these tissues underwent together and progressed in multilevels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released small organelles and transfer proteins and genetic information into cells and tissues. Although EVs have been identified in bone and tooth, particularly EVs have been identified in the bone formation and resorption, the concrete roles of EVs in bone and tooth development and diseases remain elusive. As such, we review the recent progress of EVs in bone and tooth to highlight the novel findings of EVs in cellular communication, tissue homeostasis, and interventions. This will enhance our comprehension on the skeletal biology and shed new light on the modulation of skeletal disorders and the potential of genetic treatment.     

量天尺根部内生真菌的多样性

为了解不同量天尺（火龙果）品种根部内生真菌菌群组成及多样性,采集GHL-1、GHL-2、GHL-3、ML-1和DL 5个量天尺品种健康根部样品,进行内生真菌分离,采用形态观察和ITS序列分析相结合的方法进行鉴定、归类。共分离得到内生真菌菌株117株,总体分离率为25.71%,分别隶属于13个属,其中Trichoderma、Fusarium、Chaetomium和Phoma为量天尺内生真菌的优势种群,分别占总菌株数的24.79%、35.04%、10.26%和10.26%;不同量天尺品种内生真菌的结构和组成存在一定差异,GHL-2、GHL-3和DL 3个品种中分离频率最高的内生真菌类群为Fusarium,GHL-1和ML-1分离频率最高的类群为Trichoderma;多样性分析结果反映出不同量天尺品种内生真菌菌群的多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数水平存在差异,其中GHL-2的3项指数均为最高。表明品种差异对内生真菌的组成和多样性均有影响。     

H.pylori可塑区tfs3a分泌系统virB2基因功能

目的对virB2基因编码蛋白进行分析,为virB2基因及其编码蛋白功能提供实验依据。方法利用多种生物学软件以及网站对VirB2蛋白的结构和功能进行分析预测,VirB2蛋白序列通过基因推导获得并由生物公司合成,然后通过免疫动物实验制备鼠抗VirB2蛋白多克隆抗体,同时设计进行VirB2蛋白细胞毒试验(MTT法)。结果virB2基因编码蛋白属于疏水性蛋白,为鞭毛样结构,有较强的细胞毒作用。结论对VirB2蛋白的结构和功能进行了分析预测,证明VirB2蛋白在H.pylori相关的致病性特别是引起胃黏膜炎症方面起到一定的作用,能够为研究H.pylori致病机制提供帮助。     

Mutational analysis of slyD, an Escherichia coli gene encoding a protein of the FKBP immunophilin family

slyD encodes a 196 amino acid polypeptide that is a member of the FKBP family of cis–trans peptidyl–prolyl isomerases (PPIases). slyD mutations affect plaque formation by the phage φX174 by blocking the action of the phage lysis protein E. Here we describe the selection of a set of spontaneous slyD mutations conferring resistance to the expression of gene E from a plasmid. These mutations occur disproportionately in residues of SlyD that, based on the structure of the prototype mammalian FKBP12, make ligand contacts with immunosuppressing drug molecules or are conserved in other FKBP proteins. A wide variation in the plating efficiency of φX174 on these E  ^R strains is observed, relative to the parental, indicating that these alleles differ widely in residual SlyD activity. Moreover, it is found that slyD mutations cause significant growth rate defects in Escherichia coli B and C backgrounds. Finally, overexpression of slyD causes filamentation of the host. Thus, among the FKBP genes found in organisms across the evolutionary spectrum, slyD is unique in having three distinct drug-independent phenotypes.     

濒危植物永瓣藤叶片功能性状对环境因子的响应

植物叶片功能性状能够响应环境条件的变化，反应了植物对环境的适应策略。当前，针对藤本植物叶片功能性状地理格局及其环境驱动力的研究较少。以国家重点保护植物永瓣藤（Monimopetalum chinense）为研究对象，对其分布区内11个种群的15个叶片功能性状进行测量，并结合气候、土壤因子来解释叶性状变异。比较叶片性状在局域和区域尺度上的种内变异程度，利用多元逐步回归分析环境因子对叶性状的影响。结果表明，在局域尺度上，永瓣藤叶功能性状变异系数介于3.0%-22.5%，其中，叶面积变异程度最大，叶片碳含量变异最小。永瓣藤叶片形状随纬度上升而变得宽且圆。叶片磷含量相对较低，永瓣藤的生长可能受到了磷限制。土壤与气候因子是叶片性状的重要驱动因素，解释了25%-97%的叶片性状变异。在温度和水分充足的情况下，永瓣藤叶片趋向于的慢速生长的保守策略。总体来说，永瓣藤叶片功能性状通过一定的种内变异和性状组合，并与气候、土壤因子相互作用，适应当前的环境条件。